PENNSYLVANIA · PHILADELPHIA

Where two rivers meet the wind: Philadelphia's nor'easter-tuned loads

From the Delaware River wharves to Center City's high-rises, Philadelphia County designs to a 110-120 mph map under ASCE 7-22 and the Philadelphia Building Code.

110-120MPH RISK CAT II (3-SEC GUST)
B / CEXPOSURE (URBAN / RIVERFRONT)
7-22ASCE EDITION REFERENCED
1CONSOLIDATED CITY-COUNTY

DELAWARE & SCHUYLKILL · WIND PROFILE

How a mid-Atlantic city splits its wind exposure

Open river fetch on the east, dense rowhomes and towers inland — two terrains, one permit set.

OPEN RIVER FETCH · EXP C DENSE URBAN CORE · EXP B

Buildings within roughly 1,000-2,000 ft of the Delaware River face open water fetch and read Exposure C; the rowhome grid and high-rise canyons of Center City shelter to Exposure B.

WHY 110-120 MPH

Nor'easters, remnant hurricanes & a river that won't hold still

Philadelphia's hazard is long-duration coastal lows, not the brief gust fronts of the interior — plus tropical remnants that flood the valley.

Nor'easter loading

Coastal lows drive 12-36+ hours of sustained wind, prolonged pressure on roofs and facades.

PRIMARY THREAT

Tropical remnants

Floyd, Irene, Sandy & Isaias arrived weakened but still gusted past 70 mph; Ida's 2021 remnants brought historic valley flooding.

REMNANT + FLOOD

Rowhomes to towers

Unreinforced masonry blocks and Center City high-rises load very differently — height-varying Kz matters.

EXPOSURE B

River fetch

Open Delaware water gives long unobstructed fetch, pushing waterfront sites to Exposure C and 115-120 mph.

EXPOSURE C

ASCE 7-22 · TABLE 1.5-1

Risk category drives the Philadelphia speed map you read

Higher risk category means a longer-return-period map and a higher design speed — not a fixed multiplier.

Risk CategoryPhiladelphia Design Wind SpeedBuilding Types
Risk Category I~105-115 mphAgricultural facilities, temporary structures, minor storage
Risk Category II110-120 mphResidential, commercial, hotels, most standard occupancies (apartments, offices)
Risk Category III~125-135 mphSchools, assembly >300, substantial hazardous materials
Risk Category IV~135-145 mphHospitals, fire stations, emergency shelters, essential facilities

PHILADELPHIA COUNTY · COMPLIANCE

What L&I expects in a Philadelphia permit set

PE-sealed ASCE 7-22 calculations, exposure justification, and historic review where it applies.

Building code

Philadelphia Building Code adopts the IBC with local amendments, referencing ASCE 7-22 for wind.

PHILA BUILDING CODE

PE seal required

All structural calculations must be sealed by a Professional Engineer licensed in Pennsylvania.

PA PE

eCLIPSE submittal

Philadelphia L&I reviews permits and plans through the online eCLIPSE portal.

L&I AHJ

Historic review

Old City, Society Hill and other districts trigger Philadelphia Historical Commission approval.

PHC

C&C + MWFRS

Sealed sets must include component & cladding and main wind-force pressures per ASCE 7-22.

FULL PRESSURE SET

Waterfront + flood

Delaware River sites combine Exposure C wind with flood loading — document both hazards.

COMBINED HAZARD

VELOCITY PRESSURE · ASCE 7-22

A riverfront example, worked to qz

qz = 0.00256 · Kz · Kzt · Kd · Ke · V²

115V — MPH WATERFRONT
0.85Kz — 15 FT, EXP C
0.85Kd — BUILDINGS
≈31.9qz — PSF (Kzt=Ke=1.0)

A Northern Liberties waterfront roof at this velocity carries substantial uplift — Center City Exposure B sites at 110 mph ease off but stay significant as Kz climbs with height.

PENNSYLVANIA · STATEWIDE

Compare Philadelphia against the wider wind map

Step out from Philadelphia County to statewide adoption and location-based speeds.

AUTOMATE PHILADELPHIA WIND LOADS

From the Delaware to Center City, calculated in minutes

Enter any Philadelphia address for ASCE 7-22 velocities (110-120 mph), B/C exposure guidance, risk-category adjustment, and PE-ready reports for L&I submission.